Controlling mechanism foe hydraulic motors



A. V. T. DAY.

GONTROLLING MECHANISM FOR HYDRAULIC MOTORS.

APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 20,1907.

1,099,238, Patented June 9,1914.

3 SHEETS-BHEBT 1.

WITNESSES INVENTOH A. V. T. DAY.

GONTROLLING mncmmsm FOR HYDRAULIC MOTORS. APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 20,1907.

Patented June 9,1914.

@llwgflm WITNESSES UNITED STATES PATENT, OFFICE.

ALBERTV. 'r. DAY, or NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOB 'ro comun HUBEBT, or NEWYORK, N. Y.

con'monmue mucnamsm ron. HYDRAULIC MOTORS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 9, 1914.

Application filed June 20, 1907. Serial No. 879,898. 7

To all whom it may com-em Be it known that I, ALBERT V. T. DAY, a

borough of Brooklyn, city of New York, in the county of Kings and Stateof New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement inControlling Mechanism for Hydraulic'Motors, of which the following is. aspecification, reference being bad therein to the accompanying drawings;forming a Part thereof.

My invention relates particularly to means for governing hydraulicmotors which are adapted to operate under substantially constanthydraulic pressure, such, for example,

i as when the hydraulic motors are connected in parallel relation witheach other in a conduit circulatory hydraulic power trans missionsystem, the motors being individually subjected to varying loads, andalso required to operate at varying fixed speeds; and the principalobject of my, invention is to secure delicacy and accuracy of speedregulation or governing of the hydraulic,

motors operating under such conditions.

Other objects and advantages of my invention will appear from thefollowing description.

My invention comprises improved hydraulic means for determining andregulating the speed of a hydraulic motor, such hydraulicspeed-regulating means being controlled by an automatic governor forgiving a fixed speed to the motor under varying loads, and the governorin turn being manually controllable so as to change the fixed speed atwhich the motor operates.

My invention also includes means for employing the above-named hydraulicspeedregulating means for reversing the motor independently of andwithout interfering with the governing or speed regulation of the motor.3

My invention also includes certain other features and details ofconstruction which will appear from the particular description of theembodiment of my invention shown. Such embodiment will now be describedwith reference to the accompanying drawings, after which I will pointout my invention in claims.

Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a hydraulic motor,together with the complete hydraulic regulating mechanism, including"the automatic governor,

mea-ns for reversing the motor. Fig. 1 is a detail view showing thereversing valve 1n its other position or phase from that shown in Fig.Fig: 2 is "a longitudinal central vertical section of thehydra'ulicifimtor shown in Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a transverse central vertical section ofthe same as viewed from the right. Fig. 4 is a diagrammaticrepresentation of a complete'system, including three hydraulic motors.

The hydraulic motor shown is of the type which consumes variablequantities of liquid per cycle or during a complete series ofoperations, for example, for each 'rotation of-a rotary motor, accordingto the amount of load upon the motor or the amount of work that it isrequired to do and belongsto the particular class of this type'inwhich"the liquid consuming capacity is altered by changing the eccentricity ofa rotary piston relatively to its cylinder.

casing comprising the flanged side inclosure or frame 1, havlng downwardextensions as form also cylinder heads for the motor. The sideinclosure' and the hea'dsare joined together in a liquid-tight mannerwith intogether by bolts as shown. A rotary shaft 3 passes centrallythrough the heads" 2 and has its bearings therein made liquid-tight bypacking glands. Exteriorlyto the cas ing the shaft 3 carries a gearwheel 4 for.

u gal force.

rectangular block 7 embracing the piston and slidable with a close fit.in the casing" bore of the cylinder is'shown as cylindrical and isoflarger diameter than the-piston,

exclusive of the radially movable terpo'sed gaskets'upon which they aredrawn transversely to the axis .of the piston: The

manual governor controlling means and the This hydraulic motor has arectangular shown forminga' base or support for the motor, and the endpieces orhead's 2 which 7 operatively connecting the motor to any toolThe cylinder for the motor comprises a I posite positions of thecylinder.

' the motor.

which in operation are held in contact with the inner surface of thecylinder by centrifugal force. Relative eccentricity of the piston andcylinder to each other in either one of two opposite directions and to ahaust ports respectively extend equally in opposite directionscircumferentially of the bore of the cylinder, so as to preservecorresponding relations to the iston in the op- The ex,- haust port isof sufiicient width to prevent trapping of the exhaust liquidby therollers or wings of the piston such as would look The lateral. slidinmovement of the cylinder is limited in eaci direction by shoulders orlugs located in the path of the cylinder, and shown as formed integrallywith the frame 1.

It is evident that the direction of rotation of the piston will bechanged by shifting the slidable cylinder from one side to the other ofthe piston. If a motive liquid be supplied to the motor at a constantpressure or at a pressure that does not vary so widely as to be beyondthe limits of motor control. then the speed of the motor will depend.upon the extent to which the cylinder is shifted away front its middleposit-ion. It is obvious that the motor will run at the highest speed orwill produce the greatest torque, when the piston eccentricity isgreatest. By shifting the cylinder so as to produce different degrees ofeccentricity to its piston, the motor may be kept at a constant or firedspeed while doing variable amounts of work, and likewise the motor maybe made to operate at different set or fixed speeds regardless of theamount of work that it is doing, within the. capacity of the motor.

The means for shifting the cylinder to different ositions will now bedescribed. The cylinder is retained at or restored to its middleposition or with its bore concentric with the piston by equal opposedresilient means or resisting means, shown as comprising helicalcompression or thrust springs, h (11 22 f l t t Wh th e. an e or mannaac ua ion. en e valve-20 is in the position corresponding to 12 actingin a lateral direction between t cylinder 7 and its inclosing frame 1.Such mutually opposed springs are shown as eight in number, four at eachside, arid as reframe.

tained in place by having their ends resting in sockets formed in thecylinder and in the The springs 12 are at all times under opposintensions and always tend to restore the cy inder 'to its middle orconcentric position and will do so whenever the cylinder is leftunrestrained.

Power means are provided for .movmg' the cylinder away from itsconcentric position in opposition to the springs 12 and to a position ofeccentricity with reference to the piston. .Such means are shown ashydraulic power means, and include liquidcarrying controlling-pipes 13and 14: openg into the casing at each side of the slidable cylinder,through openings 15 and 16 in the frame 1. To operate the motor in oneof its directions of rotation motive liquid is supplied under pressurethrough one of the pipes 13 or 1 1, and acts upon the cylinder as aplunger and in opposition to the springs 12 at the opposite side of thecasing, and slides the cylinder over to an cecentric location, as shownin Fig. 3, wherein the cylinder has been moved to the extreme positionresulting from the pressure of liquid admitted through the pipe 13. Thecylinder will be forced overv to a more or less eccentric relationaccording to the quantity of liquid admitted. If the liquid pressure inthe pipe 13 or 14, as the case may be (13 as seen in Fig. 3) berelieved, then the compressed springs will restore the cyl- .inder toits concentric relation, or will partly so restore it, according to thequantity of liquid that is permitted to escape.

Hence, to regulate the speed of the motor,

pressure-liqu d is either supplied to or allowed to escape from thecasing through one of the pipes 13 or 14, the other such pipe being leftfreely open.

Pressure-liquid is thus supplied to the one or the other of these pipesaccordin to the direction of motor rotation desire The motor receivesits supply of motive liquid through a supply-pipe or supply-conduit 17connected to the inlet 10 of the motor, and the exhaust-liquid leavesthe motor through an exhaust-pipe or exhaust-conduit 18 connected to theoutlet or exhausbopcnhe pressure-liquid for regulating the speed of themotor is supplied through a regilating-pipe 19 which is connected to eier the one or the other of the controlling pipes 13 or 14 accord to theposition of a four-way reversing va 've 20, the other of thecontrolling-pipes being concurrently connected through the same valve 20with a relief-pipe 21 opening into the exhaust-pipe 18.

The reversing valve 20 is provided with a thehorizontal position of-thehandle 22, as

was

regulating-pipe 19 will be placed in comj munication with thecontrollin-pipe 13 and the controlling-pipe 14 will e placed in communication withthe relief-pipe 21. (Fig. 1) and the direction of rotation will beclockwise as viewed'from the right of Figs. 1 and 2 and as indicated bythe arrow in Fig. 3. When the reversing valve is in the positionindicated by the vertical posi- 111 Fig. 3. It isapparent that theactuation of the reversing valve interferes in no manner with thespeed-regulation, as in one instance and for one direction of motorrotation speed regulation is effected through V the controlling-pipe 13while the controllingpipe 14 is freely open, and in the other instanceand opposite direction of motor rot-ation speed regulation is eifectedthrough the controlling-pipe 14 while the controllingpipe 13 is freelyopen. A

The means for supplying and for relieving the liquid pressure in theregulatingpipe 19 to eflect the speed regulation of the motor, include aspeed-controlling or speed regulating valve shown as a balancedpiston-valve having a cylindrical valve-chamber 23 open to theatmosphere at both ends. I Within the valve-chamber 23 are locatedslidable valve-heads 24 and 25 carried by a valve-stem or actuating-rod26 extending to the outside of the valve-chamber for actuation of thevalves, and shown as supported in and slidable through a bearing formedin a spider carried by one end of the valvechamber 23. The valve-chamber23 has three ports or openings at different longitudinal points of itscircumference; a medial port 27 and ports 28 and 29 equallylongitudinally spaced from and at opposite sides of such medial port.The medial port 27 communicates with the regulating pipe 19; the port 28communicates with a pressurepipe- 30 leading from the motor supply-pipe17; and the port 2-9 communicates with an overflow-pipe 31 openingfreely into the exhaust-pipe 18 of the motor. Hence the port I 28 formsan inlet for motive liquid to the valve-chamber and the port 29 forms anoutlet from the valve-chamber to the exhaust. The inlet 28 is controlledbythe valve-head 24 and the outlet 29 is controlled by thevalve-head 25,the medial opening 27 being always open into the valve-chamber 23 butsealed away from any other communication when the valve-heads occupytheir middle positions. The valve-heads 24 and 25 are spaced such adistance apart on their actuating-rod 2 and are of such a lengt that in,their 111 dial or middle positions the inlet port 28 and the outlet port29 are both covered (Fig. 1). When the valve-heads are moved to theright the medial .port 27 and the outlet port 29 are put incommunication with each other through the valve-chamber, the inlet port28 being closed (B, Fig) 4). When the valve-heads are moved to the leftthe inlet port 28 and the medial port 27 are put into communication witheach other while the outlet port 29 is closed (C, Fig.- 4). It isevident without further explana-. tion that when the inlet ort 28 is incommunication with the medial port-27, motive liquid will pass from thesupply-pipe 17 by pressure-pipe 30, valve-chamber 23, regulating-pipe19, and controlling-pipe 13' or 14, as the case may be, to the casing,and will produce or increase the eccentricity of the cylinder to itspiston; .and that when the medial port 27 is in communication with theoutlet port 29, the-springs 12 will reduce or eliminate sucheccentricity by forcing the regulating liquid back through thecontrolling-pipe thatis in communication with the regulating-pipe 19 andthence through the valve-chamber and out to the exhaust-pipe 18 by wayof the. overflow-pipe 31. The extent of movement of the slidablecylinder depends upon the quantity of liquid that ,is

the regulating-pipe 19. In turn the admission of regulating liquid to orthe escape of such liquid from the regulating-pipe 19 depends upon thepositions of the valve-heads 24 and 25, as determined by their commonvalve-stem 26. To give increased delicacy of regulation the lap of thevalve-heads over the pcrts28 and 29 toward the middle of thevalve-chamber is of small extent when the valve-heads occupy theirmiddle positions, as may be seen in Fig. 1, so that only a slightmovement of the valve-stem 26 suffices to effect regulation of themotor.

To prevent sudden, too great or oscillatory movementof the slidablecylinder in the operation of the speed-regulating means such as mightcause sudden speed fluctuations in the motor, means are provided forchoking or restricting the passageways through the controlling-pipes 13.and 14 so as to produce a dashpot effect upon the cylinder. The chokingor restricting means are preferably adjustable, so as to give more orless dashpot effect as -desired, and are shown as ordinary globe valves32 interposed in the controllingpipes 13 and 14. I

To secure a substantially constant motor. speed at varying loads thevalve-stem' 26 is actuated by a speed-influenced governor 100 forcedinto or is permitted to escape' from shownas of the centrifugal balltype. The

' verhor balls 33 are carried at the ends of t e' longer arms ofbell-crank levers '34 I which are pivoted to a collar or governorwhirl35 fixed onthe motor shaft 3. The

shorter arms of such bell-crank levers, are

connected by links 36 with a second'collar or governor-head 37rotatively seated in an annular groove in the enlarged head of thevalve-stem 26 which constitutes also a governor-stem andis axiallyalined w1th the motor shaft 3. The centrifugal movement of the governorballs is resisted by a coiled thrust spring 38 surrounding thecombinedgovernor stem and valve-stem 26 and interposed between the enlargedo'rtion thereof and a collar.39 throughwhic the governorstem isslidable. The collar 39 is retained in stationary position at thedesired location by a governor-controllinglever 40.

Hit be assumed that the motor is receiving motive liquid at asubstantially constant pressure, then so long as the load upon the motoris constant the positions of the governor and speed-controlling valvewill not change and will be asshown in Fig. 1. Should the load onthe-motor be diminished, the tendency of the motor to increased speedwill be checked by the centrifugal movement of the governor balls, whichwill slidethe piston-valves 24 and 2%}. to the right, putting incommunication with each other the ports 27 and 29 (B, Fig. 4)','andpermitting the springs 12 to reduce the eccentricity of the motorpiston, as liereinbefore explained unspring 38, which will put the ports28 and.

27 into communication (C, 4), per mitting the pressure of the motiveliquid to increase the eccentricity of the'motor piston,

"until thespeed of the motor becomes steady at the normal rate, whentheformer medial positions of equilibrium of the governor andcontrolling-Va ve will be restored, due-tothe restoring of such normalspeed.

It is now apparent that the motor is adapted to and is automaticallycontrolled 'so as to maintain a substantially fixed speed whileoperating under varying loads. It is also obvious that variations in thepressure mechanism.

of the motive liquid within certain restricted limits will not vary thespeed of the motor, by reason of the operation of the governing As thespeed-regulati movements of the slidable cylinder are-e ected byhydraulic power, such hydraulic power being controlled by the governor,the speedregulation of the motor is rendered much. more accurate anddelicate thanj'we're the governor itself connected direct! T totheHslid'able cylinder. By reason 0 the fact thatf the regulatinmovement of the slidablecylinderun or hydraulic controlling. pressure isopposed'by resilient cylinder-restormg means, such as the s rings12,'speedregulation is much simplified, also the reversing mechanismrissimplified and rversal is facilitated without interfering with' thespeed-regulation. To permit of a change in the-fixed or normal speed ofthe motor,.means are provided for manually controlling the automaticovernor. These manual governor-control ing means are effective to causethe state ofslidable collar 39 and has its fulcrum, shown as a slottedpivotal connection, in a station: ary bracket 41. For retaining thelever at any desired position against the tension of the spring 38 astationary rack 42 and pawl 43 with spring 44 are provided. As thespring compresslon, the teeth of the rack may slope as shown tofacilitate convenient mahipula: tion of the lever. If the controllinglever be placed at the extreme right, that position will represent andwill result in producing the lowest fixed motor speed for whichprovision is made, because then the governor spring 38 will be under theleast tension,

correspondingto a decreased speed of governor and contro1ling'-valveequilibrium. Conversely. if the controlling lever be placed at theextreme left. the highest fixed motor s ed will result. Intermediatespeeds of.

t e motor may be secured by intermediate positions of the lever 40. Asillustrated in the drawings, the set or temporarily fixed speed of themotors would be between the lowest and medium, as indicated by the po:sition of the controllin levers.

38 only acts in one direction, under Suppl -valves 45 an 46, shown asordil nary glo e valves, are located in the supplypipe 17, and eitherone or the other of these valves may be used, or both may be used inconjunction, as desired. It is to be noted that the pressure-pipe 30,leading to the speed-controlling-valve, is connected to the supply pipe17 at a point between the valves 45 and 46. If the valve 46 alone isused, then the pressure-pipe 30 is at all times in communication withthe motive liquid under pressure, and when the motor is at rest motiveliquid will have access to the valve- Ill ' motive liquid is .cut

pipe 30 and the motor would probably usumemes chamber 23 of thecont-rollingevalve C, Fig.

4) and will force the slidahle motor cylinder over to an extrei'neeCtiHIltllC position, as seen in Fig. Under some conditions of servicethere wouhlbe an advantage in this as 1tenables-the motor to startalways under full torque. If the valve 45 be used alone then when themotor is stop )ed pressure of the al y come to rest with its cylinderin" a medial or concentric position, or possibly at an intermediatepoint. according to hou much liquid, if any, is left imprisoned in thepipe and its connections. This would result in a more gradual startingof the motor when the motive liquid is again admitted thereto. If, afterhaving stopped the motor by closing the valve 45, it is desired'to startthe motor under the strongest torque, first the valve 46 would beclosedand then the valve-45 opened, to slide the motor cylinder 5 to its mosteccentric position, after which the valve 46 would he opened, to startthe motor. immediately assumes control of the speed as The autol'naticovernor of course soon as the motor has started.

"The motor-mechanisms above described are best adapted and are intendedto operate underasubstantially constant hydraulic pressure, and areespecially or particularly intended andadapted to be connected inparallel relation with each other for operation in a hydraulic conduitcirculatory sys item, such as illustrated in Fig. 4, the motors beingindependently operable and controlable without interference with eachother. .Tn'snch a system' a common supply-pipe or feed-conduit.,4=7communicates with all of thesupply-pipes 17, andall ofthe'exhaustpipes'18 open into a-common exhaust-pi 'ie or retm-n'conduit48. -Any desired'meal'is may 'bewemployed for circulating a motiveliquid in the-systemunder the conditions required of lnaintaininga'substantially con-J sta-nt circulatory pressure. The means showncomprise an automatically-controlled steam-operated pump fortransferring the motive liquid from a receiving tank 49', into which thereturn-conduit. 48 discharges, to

' a1 pressure reservoir 50 from which the feed- Ill. "open to theatmosphere through its neck (31.

from the pressure certain positional relation,

' mltted" to pass through thefdev tion, poweropera-ted" means forshifting the "movable eoa.ct-ing'i parts; "to each other toffproduce"from the pressure-reservoir ;50, thc upper part of wliich contains airunder the pressure present the pressure reservoir, the dotted lme ndcating the liquid level there: As shown the receiving tank ls freely Ttis obvious. that vi'irimisfiuodifiwtions may beqnade-in'thc constructionshown and above particularly described-Within the principle and scope ofmy invention. v

I claim: 1 i

LI-n" combination in a hydraulic power device comprising 'a pluralityotrelatively movable coa'cti'ngiart s Shifta ble relatively. "to eachother to produce'ditferent coactivc relations ofthese-pa'rtfs thereby tovary the capacity'of the device for motive liquid permitted to passthrough the 'devi'ceduring a complete series of operations, resilientmeans tending to maintain the coacting parts in a and"power operated'means "Eor shifti'ngthe coact ing parts relatively to each otherin-opposition to the resilient means. 2%;Int'oinbinationina hydraulicpower device'compr'is'ing a pluralitybf relatively rotaryco'acting-parts shiftalile "relatively to each otherto produoe differentcoactive relations of these: partsftherbyf tof'vary the capacity of thedevice for motivefliquid pcrper-'rotacoac'ting parts relatively to eachother, and resilient means opposed to the pfoiifer operated-@meansandtendingftoresto're the coacting parts ton certain relative position.

3. In combination in ahydraulic power device comprising a phirii tyfofrelativeh fble relatively I n if'erent coactive relations of these'parts th'er y to vary the capacity of thedevice for niotivefliquidpermit-ted to passfthroiigh the devi e'di1ring a complete series ofoperations, resilient means tending 'to niaintaini'ithe enacting; partsin a certainrelative ositioh, an

hydraulic power means for s "4-. In combination in a hydraulic powerdevice comprising aplurality of relatively rota ry coact-ing parts shiftable relativelyto each other to produce different coactive relationsoft-hese parts therbyto vary the capacity of the device for motiveliquid permitted to pass through the device per rotation, resilientmeans tendingto maintain the coact:

. ing parts in a certain relative position, and

hydraulic power means for shifting the coacting parts relatively to eachother in opposition to the resilient means.

5. In combination in a hydraulic power device comprising a plurality ofrelatively movable coacting parts shiftable relatively to each other toproduce different coacting ifting th'e'coacting parts relatively to eachother in opposition to the "resilient means. 1

relations of these parts thereby to vary the capacity of the device formotive liquid permitted to pass through the device during a completeseries of operations, reslhent means tending to maintain the coactingpar-ts in a certain relative position, power operated means for shiftingthe coacting parts relatively to each other in opposition to the resilient means, and an automatic governor in control of the poweroperated means.

6. In combination in a'hydraulic power device comprising a pluralit ofrelatively rotary enacting parts shiftab e relatively to each other toproduce difi'erent coactive relations of these parts thereby to va thecapacity of the device for motive liqui permitted to pass through thedevice er rotation, power operated means for shi ting the coactmg partsrelatively to each other, resilient means opposed tothe power operatedmeans and tending to restore the coacting parts to a certain relativeposition, and an automatic governor in control of the power operatedmeans.

.7. In combination in a hydraulic power device comprising a plurality ofrelatively movable coacting parts shif table relatively to each other toproduce difl'erent coactive relations of these parts thereby to vary thecapacity of the device for motive liquid permitted to pass through thedevice during a complete series of operations, resilient means tendingto maintain the coacting arts in a certain relative position, hydrau icpower means for shifting the coacting parts relatively to each other inopposition to the resilient means, and an automatic governor in controlof the hydraulic power means.

8. In combination in a hydraulic power device comprising a plurality ofrelatively rotary coacting parts shiftable relatively to each other toproduce difierent coactive relations of these parts thereby to vary thecapacity of the device for motive liquid permitted to pass through thedevice. per rotation, resilient means tending to maintain the coactinparts in a certain relative position, hydrau ic power means for shiftingthe coacting parts relatively to each other in opposition to theresilient means, and an automatic governor in control of the hydraulicpower means.

9. In combination in a hydraulic power device comprising a plurality ofrelatively movable coacting parts shiftable relatively to each other toproduce diiferent coact-ive relations of these parts thereby to varv thecapacity of the device for motive li uid permitted to pass through thedevice uring a complete series of operations, resilient means tending tomaintain the coacting parts in a certain relative position, poweroperated means for shifting the coacting parts relatively to each otherin opposition to the resilient/means, and a manually-controllablevariable-speed automatic governor in control of the power operatedmeans.

10. In combination in a hydraulic power device comprising a pluralit ofrelatively rotary coacting parts shiftab e relatively to each other toproduce difierent coacting relations of these parts thereby to var thecapacity of the device for motive ,liqui permitted to pass through thedevice per rotation, power operated means for shifting the coactingparts relatively to each other, resilient means opposed to the poweroperated means and tending to restore the coacting parts to a certainrelative osition, and a manually-controllable varia le-speed automaticgovernor in control of the power operated means.

11. In combination in a hydraulic power device comprising a plurality ofrelatively movable coacting parts shiftable relatively to each other toproduce dilferent coacting relations of these parts thereby to var thecapacity of the device for motive li ui permitted to pass through thedevice uring a complete series of operations, resilient means tending tomaintain the coacting parts in a certain relative position, hydraulicpower means for shifting the coacting parts relatively to each other inopposition to the resilient means, an automatic governor in control ofthe hydraulic power means, and a manual device for controlling thegovernor so as to compel'it to become operative at different selectedspeeds.

12. In combination in a hydraulic power device comprising a plurality ofrelatively, rotary enacting parts shiftable relatively to each other toproduce different coactive re laticns of these parts thereby'to var thecapacity of the device for motive liqui permitted to pass through thedevice per rotation, resilient means tending to maintain the coactinparts in a certain relative position, hydrau ic power means for shiftingthe co actin parts relatively to each other in opposition to theresilient means, an automatic governor in control of the hydraulic powermeans, and a manual device for controlling the governor so as to compelit to become operative at different selected speeds.

'13. Incombination in a hydraulic power device comprising a rotarypiston and a cylinder for the piston, the piston and cylinder beingrelatively shiftable toward and away from concentric relation regardlessof the rotation of the piston, thereby to vary the rotative coactiverelation of the piston and cylinder, resilient means tending to maintaina concentric relation of the cylinder and piston, power means opposed tothe resilient means to produce an eccentric relation between the pistonand cylinder, and a manually-controllable variable-speed governor incontrol of the power means.

14. In combination in a hydraulic power device comprising a rotarypiston and a cylinder for the iston, the iston and cylinder beingrelatively shifts, le toward and away from concentric relationregardless of the rotation of the piston, thereby to vary the rotativecoactive relation of the piston and cylinder, resilient means tendlng tomaintain a concentric relation of the cylinder and piston, power meansopposed to the resilient means to produce an eccentric relation betweenthe piston and cylinder in any one of a plurality of directions,manually-controllable reversing means in control of the power means todetermine the direction of piston eccentricity and -a manually--controllable variable-speed governor in control of the power means tovary t-he'degree of such eccentricity.

15. In combination in a hydraulic power device comprising a rotarypiston and a cylinder for the piston, the p ston and cylinder beingrelatlvely shifta le toward and away from concentric relation regardlessof the rotation of the piston, thereby to vary the rotative coactiverelation of the piston and cylinder, resilient means I tending tomaintain a concentric relation of the cylinder and piston, hydraulicpower means opposed to the resilient means to produce an eccentricrelation between the piston and cylinder in either of two,oppositedirections, and manually-controllable reversing means in control of thehydraulic ower means to determine the direction 0 piston eccentricity.

16. In combination in a hydraulic power device comprising a rotarypiston and a cylinder for the piston, the piston and cylinder beingrelatively shiftable toward and away from concentric relation regardlessof the rotation of the piston, thereby to vary the rotative coactiverelation of the piston and cylinder, resilient means tending to maintaina concentric relation of the cylin-. der and piston, hydraulic powermeans opposed to the resilient means to produce an eccentric relationbetween the piston and cyl-' inder in either of two opposite directions,manuallyecontrollable reversing means in control of the hydraulic powermeans to determine the direction of piston eccentricity. and amanually-controllable variable-speed governor in control of thehydraulicpower means for moving the cylinder in the easing toward thesition of concentric relation of the cylin er and piston.

18. In combination in a hydraulic power device comprising a rotarypiston, a casing within which the piston has its bearings, and acylinder for the piston slidable within the casing transve'rselyto theaxis of the piston to produce different amounts of piston 'eccentricityin either of opposite directions re gardless of the rotation of thepiston, therey to'vary the rotative coactive relation of the piston andcylinder; resilient means tending to maintain a 'concentric relation ofthe cylinder and isior, and means for subjecting the cylinder tohydraulic pressureto produce eccentrical relations bet-ween the cylinderand its piston.

19. In combination in a hydraulic power device comprising a, rotarypiston, a icasin within which the piston has its bearings, an a cylinderfor the piston slidable within the casing transversely to the axis ofthe piston to produce difi'erent amounts of piston eccentricity ineither of opposite directions;

resilient means tending to maintain a conpassages openin into the casingat each side of the cylinder aterally, means for supplying liquid underhydraulic pressure through such passages to one side or the other of thecylinder to slide the cylinder to an eccentric relation in one directionor the other, and means for adjustably restricting the bores of thepassages to produce a damping efl'ect upon the sliding movements ofthecylinder.

20. In combination in a hydraulic power device comprising a rotarypiston, a casing within which the piston has its bearings, and

a cylinder for the piston slidable within the casing transversely totheaxis of the piston to produce different amounts of piston eccentricity in either of opposite directions; resilient means tending tomaintain a con centric relation of the cylinder and piston,controlling-passages opening into the casing. at each side of thecylinder, a regulatingconduit, and a manually-controllable fourway valvefor opening communication between the regulating conduit and either oneor the other of the controlling-passages and for concurrently providinga free outlet for the other controlling-passage, whereby the hydraulicpressure will be opposed to the resilient means and will slide thecylinder to one position or the other of eccentricity to centricrelation of the cylinder and piston,

its piston according to the position of the other of "the controllingsent means" tending 'to. maintain a centric relation oithe cylinder-311dpg controllin -passa opening into'thec'asing at each side of tej-cylinder, a" r'egu'lating-- conduit, -a manuallycontrollable. fourway.valve for openingwommunication between the regulatingconduit andeitherone or the A ssages and for concurrently providing a ree outlet for theother controlhng passage, a source of liquidunder pressure, and :a;controlling-valve adapted when in its middle. position to seal theregulating-conduit and when moved in one "direction to admitpressure-liquid from such source to the regulating-conduit and whenmoved in the, other direction to open a" .free outlet from the regulatin-conduit,'

whereby movement of the contro ling-valve regulatesthe amount ofeccentricity between the cylinder audits piston.- I

22. In combination in' a hydraulic power device comprising arotarypiston, a casing within which the piston hasiits bearings. and acylinder for'the pistonislidable in t'ne casingtransversely to theaxisof the piston to produce diflerent. amounts of piston eccentrieity';a controlling-passage opening into the casing laterally of the cylin,er, a source ofliquid under pressure, a controlling-valve adaptedaccording to its position to seal the controllingpassage or to admitpressureliquid from such source to the controllingpassage or to open afree outlet from the'coin. trollingpassage, and resilient means tendingto preserve c'oncentricity of thecylindei and piston in opposition tothehydraulic pressure from the above-named source, M

23. In combination in a hydraulic power device comprising a rotaryp1ston, a casmg within which the piston has its bearm s, and

a cylinderforthe piston slidable-in t ecascontrolling-passage, resilientmeans tending topreserve concentricity of the cylinder and Z piston in oposition to the hydraulic pres- .matie governor responsive to speed surefrom t e above-named source, an autovariations in the motor and foractuating the controlling-valve,.and a manual device for controlling thegovernor so as to render 1t actuative at any selected "motor speed.

[24. In combination in a hydraulic power device comprising a rotarypiston, a casing within which the piston has its bearings,

and acylinder for the piston slidable within the casing transverselyto'the axis of the piston to produce different amounts of piston.

controlling-pass: into the casing a eccentricity in either of oppositedirections;

resilient means tending to'mai'ntain a cones opening respectively eachsideof the cylinder laterally, a regulating 'conduit, amanuallycontrollable fourway valve for opening comcentric relationog/thecylinder and piston,

munication between the regulating conduit and either .one or the. other.of the controlling-passages and for. concurrently I prov ding afreeoutlet tor the 'other controlling passage, a source of liquid underpressure, acontrolling-va-lve' adapted whenin its middle position toseal the regulating-conduit andpwhen moved in one direction to admitpressure-liquid from such source to the reg ulatirig-conduit and whenmoved in. the 1 otherdirection to open a free outlet from the motorspeed.

' 25. In combination in-a hydraulicpower device comprising a rotarypiston, a casing ands cylinder for the iston slidablejin-the casingtransversely tow-t c axis of theEpiston'.

regulating-conduit, an automatic overnor responsive to speedvariations-in t e motor, for actuating the controlling-'valve,-and amanual device for controlling the governor so as torender it actuativeat any. selected.

so as to change the eccentricity" of the piston relatively to thecylinder; resilientmeans,

tending to maintain a concentric relation of the cylinder andpiston, a"controlling-passage opening into'the casing laterally of the ;cylinder,means for supplying liquid under pressure to such passage, andadjustable means for reducing the bore of the controlling-passage so asto clamp sudden sliding of i the cylinder. v

26. In comblnation in a hydraulicipower device comprising a rotarypiston, a casing, and a cylinder for. thepiston slidable in the casingtransversely to the axis of the piston. so as to change the eccentrlcityof the piston,

relatively to the cylinder; resilient means tendingto maintain aconcentric relation of the cylinder and piston, a controlling-passageopening into the casing laterally ot the cylinder, and means forsupplying liquid under pressure to such passage, such passage;

having a restricted portion for checking sudden movements of thecylinder.

27. In combination in a hydraulic power device comprising arotarypiston, a casing, and a cylinder-for the piston slidable withinthe casing transversely to the axis of the piston to produce differentamounts of piston eccentricityin either of opposite directions;resilient means tendin to maintain a concentric relation of the cyindei' and piston, passages openin into the casing at each. side of thecyhnder, and means for supplying liquid under hydraulic pressure throughsuch passages toone side. or the other of the cylinder to slide thecylinder toan eccentrlc relation in one direction or the other, suchpassages having restricted portions for preventlng sudden sliding of thedevice comprising a rotary piston, a casing,

and a cylinder for the piston slidable in the casing transversely to theaxis of the piston to produce 'difi'erent amounts of pistoneccentricity; a controlling-passage opening into the casing laterally ofthe cylinder, 21. supply-conduit for the motor, a pressurepipecommunicating with the su ply-conduit, a controlling-valve in control ofcommunication between the pressure-pipe and the controlling-passage,resilient means tending to preserve concentricity of the cylinder andpiston in opposition to the h draulic pressure from the supply-conduit,and a pluralityof supply-valves including one in the supply at each sideof the point of communication therewith of the abovenamed pressure pipe.

29. In combination in a hydraulic power device comprising a rotarypiston, a casing, and a cylinder for the casing slidable in the casingtransverselyto the axis of the piston to produce difi'erent amounts ofpiston eccentricity in either of opposite directions;

resilient means tending to maintain a concentric relation of thecylinder and piston, controlling-passages opening respectively into thecasing at each side of the-cylinder laterally, a regulating-conduit, amanuallycontrollable fourway reversing valve adapted when in oneposition to open communication between the regulating-conduit' and oneof, the controlling-passages while concurrently providing a free outletfor the other controlling-passage and adapted when in its other positionto open a free outlet for the last-named controlling passage, asupply-conduit for the motor, a pressure-pipe leading from the supplyconduit, a controlling-valveadapted when in its middle position .to sealthe regulating-conduit and when moved in one direction to opencommunication between the pressure-pipe and the regulating-conduit andwhen moved in the other direction to open a free outlet from theregulating-conduit, an automatic 60 governor responsive to speedvariations in the motor for actuating the controllingvalve, a manualdevice for controllin governor to render it actuative at di erentselected motor speeds, and a supply-valve in the supply-conduit at eachside of the oint of communication therewith of the a ovena-medpressure-pipe.

In testimony whereof I have aflixed mysignature in presence of twowitnesses. V ALBERT V. T. DAY.

Witnesses:

' WM. ASHLEY KELLY,

BERNARD COWEN.

the y

